Crystal size and shape directly influence key steps downstream of the crystallizer, with filtration and drying performance being particularly susceptible to changes in these important attributes. While crystals have many important attributes, the crystal size distribution likely has the greatest impact on the quality and effectiveness of the final product (and the process needed to deliver it). User skills and knowledge (theory of applications, technologies, methods, tips and tricks).Time reduction quick adjustment and scalability of methods.Sustainable design (futureproof modular design long lasting).Shift to the next level measurement process (from manual to automated, or to on-line measurement automation).Reduction in operating costs Total cost of ownership Maintenance cost reduction.Productivity (released time from the team) Uptime Optimize processes.Preventive maintenance Minimize downtime.Connectivity Software solutions Data flow from one instrument to another.If you look at snowflakes closely, you can see their unique and beautiful shapes. Snow: Snow falls when all the air between the cloud and Earth's surface is below freezing. The water droplets freeze loosely onto the snow, giving graupel a slushy texture. It forms in below-freezing temperatures when snow crystals in the cloud collide with very cold water droplets. Graupel: Graupel is a frosty kind of snow. If the temperature in a thin layer of air at the surface is below freezing, the water droplets freeze when they land. The ice crystals melt and turn into water droplets as they go through a layer of above-freezing air. If there's enough room between the warmer air and the ground, the water droplets re-freeze in a bottom layer of below-freezing air and fall as sleet.įreezing Rain: Freezing rain falls like rain, but as soon as it touches the ground, it freezes! It starts as ice crystals. A top layer of below-freezing air creates ice crystals that melt as they fall through a thin layer of above-freezing air. Sleet: The icy precipitation known as sleet forms when a thin layer of warmer air comes between layers of cold air. The hailstones grow as more water droplets freeze onto them and eventually fall to the ground. Water droplets form in the cloud and get pushed upward, where temperatures are colder. Hail: The balls of ice that fall from clouds and can even put dents in cars are known as hail. Rain can start as water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud but always falls as liquid water. Rain: Rain made of liquid water droplets falls when temperatures in the air and at the surface are above freezing (32☏, 0☌). The temperature of the cloud and the air between the cloud and the ground create different kinds of precipitation. Rain and snow are probably the most well known types of precipitation, but there are others. Precipitation: Water falls in a liquid or solid state. Transpiration: Water from plants turns to gas.Ĭondensation: Gas cools and turns to liquid water or ice.ĭroplets condense on particles in the air, creating a cloud. Precipitation is one of four main parts of the water cycle. The water cycle is what moves Earth’s water around the planet to places where plants, animals and humans can use it. This water might be in a liquid or solid state. Precipitation happens when water falls down to Earth’s surface. When you see rain or snow fall from above, you’re watching precipitation in action! Where does precipitation come from and why does it fall in different forms? Liquid or Solid
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